Bald Eagle An indicator of wildlife sustainability in British Columbia

BACK

Wintering and breeding Bald Eagle populations in BC

Bald Eagle Breeding Bird Survey data is from B. Collins, Canadian Wildlife Service, Ottawa, Ontario and refers to the Breeding Bird Survey Annual Indices (see graph for explanation of this index). The wintering data is from up to 10 Christmas Bird Counts sites (Pitt Meadows, Victoria, Comox, Duncan, Vancouver, Ladner, White Rock, Campbell River, Terrace and Chilliwack) and obtained from the National Audubon Society and Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. The wintering eagles are expressed as number of eagles per site with the number of sites surveyed in parentheses. In order to compare the two data sets the wintering date relates to the previous summer (i.e. 1969 wintering data is from the 69-70).

BACK

References cited in the Bald Eagle Indicator:

Blood, D.A. and G.G. Anweiler. 1994.  Status of the Bald Eagle in British Columbia. Wildlife Working Report No. WR-62. Wildlife Branch, Ministry of Environment, Lands & Parks.

Elliott, J.E. and R.J. Norstrom. 1998. "Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants and productivity of Bald Eagle populations on the Pacific coast of Canada". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17: 1142-1153.

Elliott, J. E., R. J. Norstrom and G. E. J. Smith. 1996a. Patterns, trends and toxicological significance of chlorinated hydrocarbon and mercury contaminants in Bald Eagle eggs from the Pacific Coast of Canada, 1990 - 1994. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 31: 354-367.

Elliott, J. E., R. J. Norstrom, A. Lorenzen, L. E. Hart, H. Philibert, S. W. Kennedy, J. J. Stegeman, G. D. Bellward and K. M. Cheng 1996b. Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) chicks. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 15 (5): 782-793.

Elliott, J. E., K. M. Langlier, A. M. Scheuhammer, P. H. Sinclair and P. E. Whitehead. 1992. Incidence of lead poisoning in Bald Eagles and lead shot in waterfowl gizzards from British Columbia, 1988 - 91. Canadian Wildlife service Progress Note No. 200. Pacific and Yukon Region, Environment Canada, Vancouver, B.C.

Nehlsen, W., J.E. Williams and J.A. Lichatowich. 1991. "Pacific Salmon at the Crossroads: Stocks at Risk from California, Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. Fisheries 16:2.

Lynn, T. 1999. Eagle watch interpreter program visitor survey. Prepared by Custom Fit Marketing in association with Squamish Eagle Watch Interpreter Program and the Squamish Estuary Conservation Society. Squamish, BC. January 1999. 35pages.

Slaney, T.L., K.D. Hyatt, T.G. Northcote and R.J. Fielden. 1996. "Status of Anadromous Salmon and Trout in British Columbia and the Yukon". Fisheries 21:10.

USFWS. 1986. Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement. Use of lead shot for hunting migratory birds in the United States. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. 558 pages.

BACK