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PCBs in Cormorant Eggs
an indicator of toxic contaminants in the
Southern Strait of Georgia |
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PCBs in Double-Crested Cormorant Eggs
Year
|
ppm (parts per million) wet weight of PCB
|
|
1970
|
5.867 |
|
1973
|
10 |
|
1979
|
3.743 |
|
1985
|
2.396 |
|
1989
|
2.848 |
|
1990
|
1.106 |
|
1991
|
2.199 |
|
1992
|
2.568 |
|
1993
|
2.018 |
|
1994
|
1.667 |
| 1998 |
2.1218
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PCBs in-use in British Columbia (including minreal oil)
| Year |
PCBs, tonnes |
1992 |
4942 |
1993 |
4888.7 |
1994 |
4213 |
1995 |
4023.8 |
1996 |
3729.9 |
1997 |
3197.1 |
1998 |
2684.1 |
1999 |
2684.1 |
2000 |
2286 |
2001 |
2280.3 |
2002 |
2264.6 |
2003 |
2264.6 |
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References used in this indicator:
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Fox G. A., Collins B., Hayakawa E., Weseloh D. V., Ludwig J. P., Kubiak T. J. et Erdman T. C. 1991. Reproductive outcomes in colonial fish-eating birds: a biomarker for developmental toxicants in Great Lakes food chains. II. Spatial variation in the occurrence and prevalence of bill defects in young Double-crested Cormorants in the Great Lakes, 1979-1987. J. Great Lakes Res., 17: 158-167.
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Harris, M.L., L.K. Wilson, R.J. Norstrom and J.E. Elliott. 2003. Egg concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Double-crested (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Pelagic (P. pelagicus) Cormorants from the Strait of Georgia, Canada, 1973-1998. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (5): 822-831.
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Sanderson, J.T., R.J. Norstrom, J.E. Elliott, L.E. Hart, K.M. Cheng and G.D. Bellward. 1994. Biological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in Double-crested Cormorant chicks (Phalacrocorax auritus). J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 41:247-265.
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Tillitt, D.E., G.T. Ankley, J.P. Giesy, J.P. Ludwig, H. Kurita-Matsuba, D.V. Weseloh, P.S. Ross, C.A. Bishop, L. Sileo, K.L. Stromborg, J. Larson and T.J. Kubiak. 1992. Polychlorinated biphenyl residues and egg mortality in double-crested cormorants from the Great Lakes. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11, 1281-1288.
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Wilson, L.K., J.E. Elliott and P.E. Whitehead. 1996. Chlorinated compounds in wildlife from the Fraser River Basin. Technical Report Series Number 251. Pacific and Yukon Region, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environmental Conservation Branch. 73pp.
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